Selective signaling apparatus.



L. M. PGTTS.

SELECTIVE SIG-NALING APPARATUS.

APPLlcATloN FILED 1M/9.19m.

Patented Apr. 8,1919.

7 SHEETS-SHEET l. I

L. M. POTTS.

sELEcTlvE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

.APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. 1916. l

' Patented Apr. 8,1919.v

l L. M. PUTTS.

l SELECTIVE SIGNALING APPARATUS. v

APPLIcmoN msn mw 9. 191s. 1,299,608, Patented Apr..8,1919;

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L. M. POTTS.-

SELECTIVE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

Amjucmou FILED MAY 9. 191e.

Patented Apr. 8,1919.l

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

L. M. PGTTS.

sE'ALEcnvE SIGNALING APPARATUS.'

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. i916;

Patented Apr. 8,1919. L

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L. M. POTTS.

SELECTIVE SIGNALING APPARATUS.

APPL |cAT|oN msu MAY 9. |916.

1,299,608,A Patented Apr. 8,1919.

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L. M. Pons.

smchvs shan/Auna APPARATUS. l

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9. 1916.

Patented Apr. 8,1919

I SIIEETS-SIIEE 1- LOUIS MAXWELL POTTS, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNORTO AUSTIN MGLANAHAN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

SELECTIVE SIGN ALIN G APPARATUS.

Speeication of Letters Patent. i

Patented Apr. 8, 1919.

Original application led October 11, 1913, Serial No. 794,633. -.Dividedand this application led May v9, 1916. Serial No. 96,323.

To all whom t may concern.' l

Be it known that I, LOUIS MAXWELL Po'rTs, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Baltimore city, State of Maryland, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Selective Signaling Apparatus, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The lpresent application constitutes a division of my application forLetters Patent of the United States, for improvements in selectivesignaling apparatus, filed October 11, 1913, Serial No. 7 94,633, andrelates particularly to the transmitting apparatus disclosed in saidapplication.

The primary object of this invention is the production of transmittingapparatus for use in printing telegraph systems, which shall be capableof substitution for the usual Morse key or -Vheatstone automatictransmitter on Morse circuits, without otherwise changing .the lineequipment, and by apparatus which shall require a minimum of adjustmentfor accurate operation when once set up.

These objects are attained largely by reducing electrical parts of theapparatus to a minimum; by employing a single transmitting Contact; anextremely accurate and constant mechanical timing means, and by makingthe operation of the apparatus dependent on the condition of the lineover which it operates, so that when connected in a Morse closedcircuit, for example, one operators transmitting apparatus may bestopped by opening the circuit at another station, the equivalent of theso-called Morse break My invention will be better understood byreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1, is a front elevation of oneform of machine embodying myinvention;

Fig. 2, a side elevation thereof, partly in section;

Fig. 3, a semi-diagrammatic front elevation of the train of'drivinggears, as viewed from the rear of the machine;

Fig. 1, a semi-diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of cams on thestarting and combination bars. and their relation to the key levers;

Fig. 5, a fragment-ary sectional elevation showing the manner ofsupporting the starting and combination bars;

Fig. 6, a fragmentary vertical sectional elevation showing the timingbalance and vits Starting and stopping mechanism;

Flgz 7, a fragmentary vertical sectionalv elevation showing themechanism for transmitting the starting impulse, and for creat-- ing alag between signals as hereinafter described;

Fig. 8, a detail `'perspective View of the movable transmitting Contact;

Fig. 9, a fragmentary sectional 'elevation showing the mechanism forlocking the keyboard; Y

Fig. 10, a detail View in side elevation of the selector mechanism asviewed from the opposite side from Fig. 2;

Fig. 11, a fragmentary sectional side elevation showing the transmittingswitch and a part of the mechanism for operating the same;

Fig. 12, av detail side elevation of the balance and escapementmechanism, showing the balance in the act of oscillating in acounter-clockwise direction;

Fig. 13, a fragmentary detail side elevation to show more clearly theoperative relation between the safety-pin and passing hollow of thesafety-roller of the escapement mechanism;

Fig. 14, a fragmentary top plan view, partly in section, showing therelation of the controlling magnet armature to the parts which it.actuates and controls;

F ig. 15, a developed view to show the relative angular positions inwhich the various cams are mounted on the timing shaft;

Fig. 16, a fragmentary top plan view showing the lateral spacing orpositions of said cams on the timing shaft, and also showing thefriction clutch for operating this shaft;

Fig. 17, a similar view of the friction clutch of the type-wheel shaftand the timing shaft;

Fig. 18, a diagram illustrating the current as transmitted for twosignals, and

Figs. 19 to 22, inclusive, diagrams showing various types of Morsecircuits equipped with the transmitting apparatus .embodying my presentinvention.

The machine herein shown comprises, among other parts, avmain framewhich includes a base l on which is supported a keyboard and other partsof the machine hereinafter described.

The keyboard comprises a series of keys 2 and a space bar 3, mountedupon the ends of a series of key levers 4 pivotally supported in themachine frame. These levers are held in alinement by two verticallyslotted guide combs 5 and 6, and operate against the tension of springs7 which return them to their normal positions. The arrangement of thekeys is preferably that of a standard typewriter.

The function of these key levers is to operate a starting-bar 8 and aseries of combination bars 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e, which extendtransversely across and above the upper edges of said levers adjacent totheir rearends.

These bars 8 and 9a-9eare mounted for longitudinal movement inindividual vertical slots 1-0 in two uprights 11 and 12 on the machinebase, and are confined within said slots by horizontal pins 13, 14, and15, 16

(see Fig. The operation of the bars 8 and 91-9e by the key levers iseifected by the engagement of beveled `edges 17 of these levers with aseries of cams 18 on the starting bar, and a series of cams 1,9 on eachcombination bar, the said bars being returned to their normal positionsby individual springs 20.

The starting bar 8 is shifted on the operation of any of the key levers,and for this reason it is provided with a similar cam 18 for each keylever, each such cam having a face slanting in such direction as toshift this to the right when engaged by the beveled edge 17 of any keylever. (See Figs. 4 and 5). v

The arrangement of cams 19-19, on the combination bars, however, isdifferent on each such bar as only a certain one or combination of thesebars is operated by each key lever. 1 t The arra-ngement of these camson the combination bars will vary according to the system ofcombinations employed. The ar-. rangement of the cams on all of saidbars of this particular machine may be had from Fig. 4. Assuming thevertical dotted lines to represent the positions of the key levers, asviewed from above, the relative positions of the various camswith'respect to these levers may be 'readily obtained. In the particularmachine herein shown, the five unit system of combinationsl is employed,and for this reason there are five combination bars.

Only those cam faces which slant upward from right to left on the loweredges of the combination bars 9 9 act in conjunction. with the keylevers to shift said bars in the required combinations. The cam faceswhich slant in the other direction (upward from left to right Fig. 4)are merely for the purpose of preventing the depression, during thetransmission of a signal, of some other key than the one operated tosend that signal, as hereinafter more particularly described.

The shifting of bars in various combinations by the action of the keylevers on cams on said bars is Oldv and well known in the art. f i

The starting bar 8 is provided on its upper edge with a notch 21 and cam22. Within this notch normally rests the lowerend of a verticallymovable'slide 23,having a beveled edge 24 which rests, under the tensionof a.

Slides 23 and 295-29e are mounted for movement in a vertical plane inindividual slots 31 and 32 in guides 33 and y34 respecs tively, securedrigidly between two upright plates 35 and 36 made fast to the frame ofthe machine as shown most clearly in Fig. 2. These slides must travelvertically without any angular displacement and for this rea# son areheld against such displacement in the slots31 by plates 37 and 38 and inslots 32 by plate 38.

Mounted inthe same vertical plane with starting slide 23 and extendingabove it (see Fig. 7) is a starting lever 39 having a beveled lower end40 extending intol the same slot in guide 33 as the slide 23. r1`hislever has near its lower end afshoulder 41 which rests upon the upperedge of guide 33, while the upper portion of said lever rests in an openend slot 42 in a guide 43. Onone of its edges between guides 33 and 43,lever 39 is provided'with a cam 44, the function of which is tocoperate, as here- -inafter described, with a rotatable cam 45 fast on asquare shaft 46fjournaled for rotation in plates 35 and 36. A spring 47bears against lever 39 at a` point above the axis of cam 45 and on theopposite side of said lever from said cam so as at all times to exert apressure on said vlever from Iright to left, Fig. 7. In Fig. 7 the partsare shown in their normal positions, that is, the positions they occupywhen no signals are being transmitted. At such a time, cam 45 willengage cam 44 on the starting lever in the central Lacasse position, asshown, when the lever 39 will occupy a tilting position with its footkicked outward to the right.

When the starting bar 8 is shifted to the right, (Fig. 7) as it will bewhen any key is operated; this will cause slide 23 to rise to such anextent that a beveled corner on the upper end thereof engages thebeveledportion 40 of lever 39 and forces the lower end l of said leverto the left, thus causing the said lever to turn in a vertical plane oncam 45y as a fulcrum, sending its portion above said fulcrum to theright. On the opposite edge of this lever from cam 44 and above it,

Y pull of a spring 82. The lower end of this is an extension 48 which atall times engages a universal bar 49 carried by and insulated from adepending arm 50 of ay bell crank lever 51y fulcrumed between two pivotscrews 52 and 53 mounted in arms 54 and 55 secured-to an insulatingblock 56 held between plates 35 and 36. The horizontal arm of this bellcrank lever extends through an opening 57 in block 56, and carries onits outer end an electrical contact 58 which is adapted vto travelbetween and alternately vengage adjustable stationary contacts 59 and60, contact 58 being normally held in en-` gagement with contact 60 byspring 61 which also acts to hold universal bar 49 against cam extension48.

Contact 58 is carried on a hinged eXtension on lever 51, the saidextension comprising a bent metal plate 62 fitting over the end of saidlever and pivotally secured thereby by pin 63. Spring 61 is attached atone end to extension 62 at a point in the rear of its pivot, and at theother end to a milled thumb screw 64 by which the tension of the springmay be adjusted. Through the action of hinged extension 62, contact '58is caused to wipe contact 59 on each engagement thereof, and therebymake more certain electrical connection. lViping contacts, however, areold and well known in the art and nothing new is here claimed for thisdetail which may or may not be employed, as desired.

Engagement of contract 59 by contact 58 results in the completion of acircuit through the coils ofl an electro-magnet 65.

As we are not at this time particularly concerned with any electricalconnections, these need not at present be traced. It will be assumedthat magnet 65 is in series with f armature is an arm.7 6 on avertically movable slide 77 (see Fig. 6) mounted ron slots in twohorizontal guide bars 78 and 79 held rigidly between plates 35 and 36,and retained in said slots by plates 80 and 81.

Slide 77 controls the starting and stopping of the timingmechanism,which will now be described.

Vhen'magnet 65 receives the starting impulse, as described, it drawsarmature 69 upward, and. this raises slide 77 against the slide Awhen inthe down or normal position, acts as a stop for an arm 83 fast upon theperiphery of a balance 84. This balance is fast upon a shaft 85journaled for rotation in plates and 36. vWhen the slide 77 is thus sentupward, the balance becomes relacking approximately 90O according to thewell known practice 'in chronometer c onstruction. The size of the wireof the spring 86 and the weight of the balance are so chosen thatone-half of a complete (forward and back) oscillationfof the balanceoccupies the time necessary for one unit impulse of the signal. Thisperiod of oscillation is chosen as being the most convenient, but is notnecessarily essential. A unit impulse could correspond to a quarterperiod of the oscillation of the balance. It is, however, important thatthe unit impulse correspond to some multiple of the period of thebalance.v

This balance has on its circumference two mean time screws 8,9 which areused to bring the balance to the desired standard. This is done bychoosing screws of the proper weight. If the balance is too fast, alarger screw is inserted. Two rating screws 90 are inserted in the rimof the balance at about 90O from the screws 89. Screws 90 are used forthe purpose of .changing the rate of the machine in words per minute toadapt 1t to different lengths of line,Y and different operatingconditions. l The balance is so constructed that it has a rate equal tothe maX- imum rate desired, and this rate is brought down to thatrequired in any particular case by different size screws 90.

The power which actually oscillates the balance 84 is transmitted to itthrough an escapement mechanism comprising an escape wheel 91 fast ontiming shaft 46; an anchor 92 fast on rock shaft 93; safety roller 94'fast on shaft 85; an impulse pin 95 fast on hollow 98 in the safetyroller 94. This escapement mechanism is substantially the same as thatcommonly known as the lever escapement, used in the clock and watchmaking art, so need not here be more fully described.

Escape wheel 91 has six teeth, so that three complete oscilla-tions ofthe balance will allow the timing shaft 46 to rotate onehalf arevolution, which is the length of time required for the transmission ofone complete signal. At the end of this half revolution, the rotation ofshaft 46 is stopped by the engagement of stop arm 83 on the balance withslide 77 which drops into the path 1 of arm 83 on the balance, caused bythe dropping of the nose of an arm 99 on said slide (see Fig. 6) intoeither one of two diametrically opposite notches 100 in the periphery ofa cam 101 fast on timing shaft 46. Balance 84 is, therefore, started andstopped at identically the .same point each time. Directly after shaft46 starts to rotate, the nose of arm 99- rides up on'the elevatedportion of the cam, where it remains until said cam has rotated aboutone-half a revolution, thereby positively holding saidstop slide out ofthe path of balance arm 83 for the proper lengt-h of time.

The timing shaft 46 is power driven through a train of gearing (seeFigs.2 and 3) comprising a gear 102 mounted on said shaft and adaptedtomaking driving connection therewith through a friction clutchhereinafter described; a pinion 103 meshing with said gear and fast to agear 104; an idler 105 meshing withy gear 104; a pinion 106 meshing withidler 105 and fast to a gear 107, and a pinion 108 meshing with gear 107and fast on the armature shaft 109 lof an yelectric motor 110.

A nysuitable source of power, however, may be substituted for thismotor. 1t is not necessary that the speed of the driving mechanism 4beconstant, but only that it is run sufliciently fast. Forl a rate offorty words per minute, for example, shaft 46 should rotate about onehundred and seventy-live revolutions per minute.

Gear 102, as above pointed out, is not connected directly to timingshaft 46, but drives it through a friction clutch shown in detail inFig. 17. Gear 102 itself, forms one of the friction members of thisclutch, and for this purpose is preferably made of liber. This gear ismounted to rotate on a metal .sleeve 111 fast on a cylindrical extensionof shaft 46, and this sleeve is provided with a friction disk 112 whichlies flat against one face of gear 102. Against the other face of thisgear is another friction disk 113. Friction is created between gear 102and disks as the stop 77 `is against balance arm 83,

shaft 46 will be held against rotation, but las soon as this stop isremoved, said shaft is set free andfwill be driven by the frictionbetween plates 112 and-113 and gear 102. When shaft 46 is held againstIrotation, gear 102y nevertheless continues to rotate.

Immediately after the timing shaftv 46 starts to rotate, cam 45 passesfrom enga ement with slide earnl 44. (See Fig. 7.) This1 slide will thenbe pushed to the left under the action of spring 47 and universal bar49, whereupon contact 58 breaks connection with contact 59, unless thecombination bar 9a has been operated, thus terminating the startingimpulse. If the signal being sent involves the operation of combinationbar 9, contact 58 will not break connection with contact 59 at the timeabove stated, but will remain in contact therewith for a time dependingupon which other of the combination bars has been operated for thatparticular signal. This, however, will bel more readily understood afterthe operation of the transmission of the actual signalim-` pulses hasbeen described.-

Passing now more particularly to the mechanism which coperates with thecornbination. bars and vertical slides 291-'29e to transmit the impulseswhich form the actual signals as contra-distinguished from the startingimpulse, this comprises, among other parts, live cams 1173, 117", 117",117d and 117 fast upon the timing shaft 46,'

which coperate respectively with five transmitting levers118211821182118i and 118'3 10. The upper ends of these levers rest inindividual open end slots in guide bar 43,

while their lower ends extend into the samep ,130

slots in guide 33 as receive the'y upper ends ile .thereof as shown mostclearly in Figs. 2 and of the slides 293-299, said levers beingsupported upon the upper edge of guide ,33, each by a lug 119, and theirupward movement limited by lug 120 engaging the lower veach have a cam122 adapted to be engaged each by a different .one of cams 1173-1179,and each lever is also provided with an eX- tension 123 adapted toengage universal bar 49 of the transmitting Contact lever. The operationof these levers 118a118e by the slides 2929e is substantially the sameas that described with relation to the starting lever 39. According towhich of the slides 29d-29e is or are raised by the operation of anyparticular key, the lower ends of corresponding levers 1183--118e willbe held by said slides against movement to the right. Then, as shaft 46continues its rotation, cams 11721-117e will successively engage cams122 on levers 118a-118 Clearly then, those levers 118a-118e, the lowerends of which are restrained from movement to the right by the operatedslides 293--29e will move to the right at their upper ends, and in sodoing will act through the universal bar 49 and lever 50 to send thecontact 58 into engagement with contact 59 once for each lever 118a-118eso operated. Levers `118a118e are returned to normal by springs 121 anduniversal bar 49, the latter action under the tension of spring 61.

As to thoselevers 1181--118e whose slides 29a-29e have not beenoperated, the case is different. These levers being less restrained attheir'lower ends, than at their upper ends, due to the pressure ofsprings 121 and 61, above the axis of cams 46, will kick out at theirbottoms to the right. Therefore, the extensions 123 of these levers haveno operative effect on the bar 49, and hence will' not operate contact58. Each of the levers 1183-418e is capable of two degrees of motion,but restrained from movement by u'nequal pressure in two degrees, thecams lla-Il'?e tending to operate said levers in y succession, and theslides 29a-29e'selectively acting to positively lock said levers frommotion in the way of least'restraint and to compel their motion in adirection of greatest restraint. Therefore, for eachslide 29a- 29eraised by the combination bars, Contact 58 will be sent into and remainin engagement with contact 59 for a definite interval,

the time of which corresponds to a unit impulse, and one or morev ofthese impulses go to make up each signal according to the combination.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that whenever a key isoperated, a start impulse is transmitted to magnet which immediatelyreleases the balancev and therefore starts it into motionin phase withthis start impulse, and the subsequent beats or oscillations of thebalance so time the opening and closing of the transmitting contact thatthe impulses of the signal Corresponding to the saidv start impulse willnecessarily be in phase with the balance. In other words, theoscillations of the balance and the unit impulse periods of a signalbear a definite phase relation. Each signal period may be regarded asdivided into six equal time intervals repre,- sented diagrammatically inFig.' 18 by the spaces indicated S, fA, B, C, D and E betweenthevertical dotted lines. vEach of these intervals represents the timethat the contact 58 remains against the Contact 59 to transmit a unitimpulse. The space S indicates the interval of the starting impulses,and the spaces A to E the intervals of the five unit signal impulseswhich are employed in various combinations to'form the signals proper.

' In Fig. 18 the solid lines above the line O-O of zero currentrepresent the current on the line when two signals are transmitted, Y

be formed ranging from the employment of I one impulse for each of thespaces A to E, to the employment of one impulse of a duration equal toall such intervals combined. With the five unit system here employed,

lthiry-two such combinations may be had.

It will be seen that whenever a combinai tion is. transmitted whichinvolves the A impulse position, the starting impulse does not fall toZero, but merges into the A impulse. This is due to the fact that theoperation of the combination bar 9a, which sends the A impulse. operatesthrough slide 29a, f

lever 118a which holds the universal bar 49 out andthe contacts 58 and59 closed notwithstanding cam 45 has passed from the starting lever 39.(See Fig. 11). I

The exception mentioned in a foregoing portion of this description,tothe fact that on the passage of cam `45 from cam 44 the contacts 58and 59 separate, will now be more fully understood. f

The spaces indicated L represent the lag which is automatically producedbetween successive signals, when the machine is operated atmaximumspeed, as hereinafter more particularly described.

The combination for each signal may be had from Fig. 4 by noting therelation between the dotted lines indicating the key levers, and the camlugs on the different combination .bars 9a-9". These combination barscorrespond to the ve impulse periods A to E Fig. 18, the impulses vbeingtransmitted in combinations depending upon which of said bars areoperated. or example, the o eration of the 9a and 9b bars will send theB impulse combination, the operation of the 9c bar the C impulse, etc.

There should always be between successive signalsa lag great enough toprevent any signal from blending with the starting im- `pulse of asucceeding signal, and this lag should preferably be equal to the timeof a unit impulse in order that at any given speed of transmission thelength of the line -operable may be a maximum. When the maabove stated.For this purpose, starting lev ver 39"(see Fig. 7) is provided at itsupper end with an offset or hooked extension 124, and adapted tocoperate, as hereinafter described, with this extension is a pin 125vcarried by a slide 126 mounted for vertical movementin fixed guides 127and 128, said slide being normally pulled down under tension of a spring129. This slide is provided with a downwardly extending arm 130 having abeveled end adapted to rest upon the periphery of a cam 131 fast on thetiming shaft 46.' Now, as -cam 131 rotates, it raises slider 126, and asthis slide nears the extreme end"of its upward motion, pin 125 engagesthe hooked extension 124 oflever 39 and raises this lever so thatitslower extremity cannot engage the upper end of slide 23 even when akey is depressed, so that contacts 58 and 60 will remain closed untilslide 39 is pushed downward bypin 125. When cam 131 has made a halfrevolution, which is the end of a signalperiod, arm- 130 will drop yfromthe elevated portion ofthis cam to the position shown in'Fig. 7, thuscausing pinv 125 to move lever 39 downwardly, and 1n doing so this leveris rocked about cam 45 as a pivot by the engagement of the lower tipoffsaid leverk with the upper tip of slide 23, and this rocking motionof lever 39 v'causes the engagement of contacts 58 andr 59 and thetransmission of the starting impulse. Therefore, whenthe machine isoperating at maximum speed, with no pauses by the operator betweensuccessive signals,

thestarting impulse is always sent by the downward movement of slide 126rather than lby the upward motion of slide 23, thereby causing a delayedclosing of the contactsA 58 and 59 for ythe starting impulse. The weightof slide 126, the strength of spring 129, and the drop of slide 126 areso chosen that the desired lag is obtained.

Normally all of the keys of the keyboard are unlocked. The operationv ofany key, however, not only locks that key and its combination bar orbars, but locks all the other keys and vtheir combination bars as well,against further operation until' the completion of the signal. This iseffected by the following mechanism. (See Fig. 9).

'Each combination bar 9a'-9e is provided on its upper edge with twonotches 132 and 133. Extending transversely across all of ried on thelower end of a slide 135 adapted to move vertically in guides 43, 33and'34. This slide is provided with an offset extension or arm .136having a cam portion 137A adapted to li in the path of a rotatable cam138 made fast on timing shaft 46. Normally this cam occupies theposition shown in Fig. 9, at which time it holds slide 135 in theelevated position shown, under the tension of a downwardy pulling spring139. VImmediately after the timing shaft 46 is started into `rotation,as described, cam 138 passes from cam 137, thereby allowing slide 135 tobe pulled downward. When this happens, the knife edge of bar 134 will besent into notches 132 of the operated combination bars and into notches133 of the unoperated combination bars', thus locking both sets of barsagainst further operation until the signal has been transmitted. ,Whenit is attempted to depress any of the keys duringA the transmission,they will be held from operation by the cams on the combination bars'.At the end of a lsignal period, or when the timing shaft 46 has made ahalf revolution, cam 138 will again raise slide 135 and unlock thelkeyboard'.

in series with a single source of current 140 at one en d of the line.The diagram shows two of my machines on a line. In this case any machineis ready to transmit at any time, and if magnets 65 ,are employed toreceive also, as described in my aforesaid 25 'case the line is normallyclosed, but at ,this

shown.n

co-pendingv application, it is not necessary to operate a switch tochange from sending to receiving. v

In F ig, 20 is shown the connections for threestations on a way-wireaccording tothe Well known American Morse closed circuit method. In thiscase, a line battery 142 is required at `one stati-on only, and-contazcts 58 and 60 are connected `directly 1n -Morse circuit, exceptthat in the present case the magnet is connected in series with the backContact 144 of the maihtline relay instead "of the front-contactthereof.

The magnet 65 of each machine is in seriesY in its local relay circuitwith a battery 145 and suitable resistance 146. y

Fig. 21 shows the connections for, three stations on a way-wire operatedaccording to the British open circuit method. In this time therefis nobattery onlthe line. This method requires a@ battery 147 ateach station,which is thrown onto line in series with magnet 65 andi-contact 58,each, time v` the latter contact engages contact 59. In this' case themagnet 65 and contact 58 are connected VLdirectly in 'series at eachstation.

In these cases (Figs. '20 and 21)' also, magnets 65 may operateVrecording mechanism as in my said co-pending application.

In Fig-.Q22 yis shown the connections for, In this case, transmitaduplex terminal. ting contacts 58 and 5 9, and magnet 65 of thetransmitting machine, are connected in a local circuit with the coils ofa main linel transmitter' 148, the magnet 65 v of this machine' acting.to produce a home record; as stated in `'connection with Figs. 19, .20and 21.- Thesignals from a distance are received on main line relay 149,which controls a local relay circuit 150, inf which is. fconnected-'1.31. magnet 5165 adapted to operate--A receivinginechanismonly In this case one machine the 'signals to ya distantpoint, while the other machine receives" them. In this diagram, 151indicates. the.'

"operate the same, and mechanical means source of signal current at theterminal.

representsf the main liesupposed to pass to a terminal which is a.duplicate of .that

It will noted that in thisv machine the starting f the contact intooperation to transmit the code impulses is absolutely dependent' on theoperation! of magnet 65.I In

i other words, transmission cannot be leffected if magnet 65'is.,inoperative. 4.Thisfeature ofthe machine makes it especlally adaptedmotion, to automatically time. the operation .of said elements.

comprising a movable switch contact, a

to Morse methods of operation, as it makes 65 it possible to stop'anysendngoperator by merely opening the line at another station, whichcorresponds to the so-called Morse break This will be .apparent fromanyy of the diagrams, Figs. 19 to 21. Any oper- 70 latormay transmit aslong as the line remains closed at the other stations, but if theoperator at one of the other stations should open the line, the machinesending at another station would be rendered in- 7 5 operative duringsuch time on account of the fact that the circuit of his magnet 65 AinFigs. 19 and 21, and `of relay 143 in escapement for imparting motionthereto,

a timing shaft controlled by said balance, a series of members movablewith said shaft,

- a series of selecting elements adapted to be operated insuoc'ession bysaid members, a 90 transmitting switch mechanically ,operated by saidelements, keyboard operated mechanical permutation mechanism to selectcertain of said elements and in combina-v tion with said'membersselectively control ,95 saidkelements. x

2. Apparatus' for electrical f signaling, comprising a movable. switchcontact, a series of mechanical elements common to said 'Contact andarranged to individu-ally 109 operate the same, mechanical means to timethe operation of said elements, and electrical means controlled by saidswitch to control the starting of said timing means..

3. Apparatus forelectrical signaling, 105

Icomprising a movable switch contact, a

series of mechanical elements common to -said contact 'and arranged toindividually move the same, and mechanical means comprising a bodyhaving a natur-all period of 4.K Apparatus -for electrical. signaling,

'series .lof mechanica-1 elements common to said {contac't and arrangedto individually vsaid elements in combinations corresponding to thesignal to be transmitted, mechanical means to time the voperation ofsaid elements, comprising abody having a natural period of motion,mechanical means .to imparty motion to said body, electrically operatedmechanical means controlled by said contact to start said body intomotion at the commencement of a signal, interval and.

automatic means mechanically controlled to stop said body at the end ofa signal period. 6. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

comprising a switch contact, mechanical means to operate said contactvinvariably at the commencement of each signal period',

-and mechanical automatic means operating said contact in varyingcombinations according to the signal transmitted.

7'. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprismg a switch contact, aplurality of keys common to said switch contact for controllingits'operation, mechanism operated by each ofv said keys 'and actingto'mechanically operate ysaid contact invariably at the commencement ofeach signal period, me;

chanical selecting mechanism operated by 'j said keys, and poweractuated mechanical means operating. through said selecting mechanism tovoperate said contact variably according to the signal transmitted.

8. nApparatus comprising a switch'- contact, a plurality of keyscommon-to said switch contact for concomprising a, series of mechanicalelements corresponding to electrical impulses to be transmitted, saidelements having two degrees of motion, but unequally normallyVrestrained from motion in two degrees, means tending to operate .saidelements in succession, and selective means to positively lock saidelements from motion in the way of least restraint and compel motion inthe direction of greatest restraint, and mechavnism operating totransmit electricalimpulses corresponding to the elements 'so' operated.v

10. Apparatus for electrical signaling,l

comprising a seriesof mechanical elements l corresponding to elegtricalimpulses to be transmitted, said elements'having two deT grees ofmotion, but unequally normally restrained from motionjin two degrees,means tending to operate saidl elements in succession, and selectivevmeans to positively lock for electrical signaling,l

said :elements from motion in the `way of least restraint,'and a switchcontact common to all ofsaid elements and operative thereby incombinations according `to the signal transmitted.

11. Telegraphic apparatus including a member having two degrees ofmotion, means to move said member in either degree, l y1elding meansopposing the motion of said member in both degrees, andiselectivelyoperated means to loppose the motion of said member in one degreel tocause itl to move in the other degree against said yielding means.

l2. Telegraphic apparatusl including a member having two degrees 'ofmotion, means to move said member in either degree and operating foreach signal independently o, the character of the signal, yielding meansopposingthe motion of said member in both degrees, selectively operatedmeans to oppose the motion of said member in one v degree to cause it tomove 1n the other'degree against said yielding means, and a signaltransmltting contact operated by said member when moving against saidyielding- 13. Apparatus for electrical signaling,v

comprising a series ofselecting elements 4capable of two degrees ofmotion, step-by step operating power means acting to move said elementsin successionfa plurality of Imovable members, means to move Lsaid lastmentioned members in .l combinations corresponding to the respective s1als into. the

path of movement of said se ecting members in one degree to cause theirmovement in another degree by said power means, and a transmittingswitch mechanically operated by said selecting members when so moved,

substantially as described. i' 14. ApparatusH for electrical signaling,

comprising a transmitting. switch, `a key-` board, a plurality ofmechanical elements lcommon to said switch, -nfeans mechanicallyvoperated by the keys of said keyboard to set lsaid elements incombinations according tothe signal to be transmitted, mechanismoperating said switch invariably on the operation of 'each of saidkeys,power operated means to mechanically impart to said contact a 'differentcombination of movements for each signal, land means controlled by lsaidinvariably acting mechanism to startl said power operatedy mechanisminto motion. 15.fApparat us for electrical signaling, comprisingl atransmitting switch, a keyboard, a plurality 'of movable mechanicalelements common to a contact of said switch, J

means mechanically operated by the keys of; said key-board to selectcertain of said. c le` ments in combinations 'according to the Slgnal tobetransmitted, mechanism operating -said contact invariably on theoperation of each of said keys and itself mechanically operated by saidkeys, power operated means adaptedto mechanically operate said elementsand therethrough to mechanically operate said contact, and electricalmeans controlled by said contact and said invariably acting mechanism,to start said power means i-nto motion. f

16. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a transmittingswitch,'a series of mechanical elements common to a moving contact ofsaid switch, means forming an operative connection between .saidelements and said contact whereby said contact maybe operated by any ofsaid' elements, power operated `mechanical means operating said elementsin successive order for each signal transmitted, and selectingmeansmechanically operated and coperaty ing with said element operatingmeans to operate said contact variablyl according to the signaltransmitted, and time keeping mechanism mechanically connected to saidpower operated means to control the same.

.17; Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a movabletransmitting contact, -a series of movable transmitting elements,mechanical means forming an operative connection between said elementsand said contact whereby any of said elements. mayopcrate said contact,a series of selecting elements adaptedto operate upon said transmittingelements in combinations according.

to the signal selected, a power driven shaft, a series of cams on saidshaft adapted to operate upon said transmitting elements in successionas said shaft rotates, the said operative connection between the saidcontact and said transmitting elements being responsive to thosetransmitting elements operated upon by the selecting elements, andnon-responsive to the transmit-ting elements operated by said cams butnot operated upon by said selecting elements, a spring controlledbalance and escapement controlling step-by-step the movement of saidshaft, a stop, normally holding said balance against movement, a magnetoperative to withdraw said stop rom` said, balance to allow the same andsaid shaft to operate, an electric circuit including said cont-actandthe Winding of said magnet, and automatic means operating said stopat the end of a signal interval to arrest the motion of said balance.

18. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising a balance and escapement,a plurality of movable elements, means timed by said balance andescapement and operating to move said elements successively in phasewith the oscillation. ofsaid balance, selectively operatedmeanscoperative with said timed means to modify the movement of saidelements in combinations corresponding' to the signals to betransmitted,and a. 'so transmitting switch mechanicallyl operated bysaid modified movement of said elements. 19. 'Selective signalingapparatus,L comprising a rotary shaft, power means for rotating saidshaft, a'balance and escapement, operatively connected to said shaft tocause it to rotate step-by-step, a plurality of movable elements,operated by said 'shaftin its step by step -movement and operating tomove said elements successively in phase with the oscillations of saidbalance, selectively operated means coperative with said elementoperating means to modify theN movement-'of said elements incombinations corresponding to the signals to be transmitted, and atransmitting switch mechanically operated by said modified movement ofsaid elements.

20. Electrical -signaling apparatus, compri-sing signal timingmechanismadapted to.: allot to the sign-als equal time intervals, andautomatic means to retard the operation ofy said timing'mech'anism for adefinite interval between succeeding signal periods when signals Iarebeing transmitted continuously..

2l. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising mechanical 'signalStarting means, electrical signaling means operated thereby, andautomatic mechanical means to retard vthe said signal startingmechanisml 95 when signals are transmitted continuously.

22. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising electrical means totransmit the signals, power operated .mechanical means` to operate saidelectrical means, and automatic mechanism to retard 'the starting ofsaid mechanical means between successive signals.

23. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising mechanism to selectivelytransmit electrical impulses tov form successive signals, and anautomatically acting mechanism to create -a lag between succeedingsignals when said signaling apparatus is operated continuously totransmit a series of llo signals l 24. Apparatus I for electricalsignaling comprising a transmitting switch -contact member, a magnet,timing mechanism act. ing automatically to allot equal time intervals toeach signal, mechanical operative connection between said timingmechanism,

said switch contact member and said magnet to impart movement to saidcontact member variably at'the commencement of each signal and invarying combinations thereafteraccordingto the signal to be trans'-mitted, and an electric circuit including said switch and magnet,

25. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a transmittingswitch, a balance and escapement, means operated by said balance andescapement for timing the i operation of said switch, a magnet opera`tively associated with said balance to control the startlng thereof, andan electric circuit y including sald switch andthe winding of `was saidmagnet.

26. Apparatus for electricalsignaling, comprising a series of elements,a transmitting contact, means to operate said elements selectively tocause said contact to transmit to line varying electrical signals, andmeans controlled by signals on the same lineto start into operation theelement operatlng means.

27. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

comprising a series of elements, a transmlt-y tmg contact, means to'operate sald elements in combinations to cause said Contact to transmitto line varying electrical signals,

'means `to time said signals, and means con- 7 trolled by signals onsaid line to startinto operation said timing means. f Y

28. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

vcomprising an electrical contact, mechanism Ato move the same variablyto transmit combinations of electrical impulses-to form the s1 als, aserles of elements, means to Aset said elements 1n varying 'combinationsto determine the combination of impulses to be' transmitted, and amagnet operated by said impulses and acting to control said transmittingmeans.

29. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

,comprising an electrical contact, mechanism to move the same variablyto transmit coinbinations of electrical impulses to form .the signals,means to time saidI signals, a series of elements, means to set saidelements in varying combinations to determine the combination ofimpulses to be transmitted, a

magnet operated by said signals, and meansVV including said contact andcontrolled therelby to operate said magnet to start into ac- 'tion saidtiming means.

30. Apparatus for electrical signaling, lcomprising a main line, an#electrical contact, and mechanism to move the same variably to transmitover said line combinations of electrical impulses to form the signals,a magnet operated by all the combinations of impulses capable of beingtransmitted over said Lli'ne, and means operated by said magnet tocontrol said transmitting means. 31. Apparatus for electrical signaling,comprisinga main line, an electrical contact, and mechanism to move thesame variably to.. transmitf over: said line combinations of electricalf' irl'npulses'4 to form the signals, a

i i' net to start into actionfsaid conta*ct-operat-v magnetoperatedbyall the combinations of .v impulses capable ofi beingtransmitted over said line, andmeansfoperated by said maging mechanism.i

32. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a main line,mearisicluding an electrical contact, mechanism to move said- 1,299,6oslcontact variably tol transmit oversaid line ,combinations of. electricalimpulses to form the respective slgnals, a series of elements,

means to set said elements in varying combinations. to determine the`combinations ofimpulses to be transmitted, means to time' the speed ofoperation of said contact, andmeans controlled by said: Contact tovcontrol the starting of said timing means. 33. Selective signalingapparatus, comprising means movable variably to transmit 'electricalsignals, means to operate said transmitting means including a shaftstarted into motion at the beginning of each signal, 'means operatinginvariably to time the motion of said/shaft, andf means carried by saidsha-ft to keep in-motion 'said timing means. A

34. Selective signaling apparatus, comprising means to 'transmitelectrical impulses including a transmitting contact, a rotatable shaft,selectivemeans coperating with said shaft to operate said contactvarimitting means and means to automatically v stop ysaid invariablymoving means at the end of each signal. l

36. Transmltting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising atransmitting contact, a balance and escapement, and mechanism controlledby said balance and es capement to cause said contact to transmit'electrical signaling impulses in phase with the oscillations of saidbalance.

37. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising aftransmitting con tact, a'balance and escapement, and operativeconnection entirely mechanical between said balance and escapement andsaid contact to cause -said 'contact to transmit `electrical signalingimpulses in ,phase with the oscillations of said balance.

l 38. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising atransmitting contact, means to operate said contact to transmit astarting electrical impulse at the commencement of each signal, abalance and escapement, mechanismlcontrolled by said contact `to startsaid balance into motion vfor each signal in phasewith said startimpulse, and mechanism controlled by said balance and escapement to'cause said contact 1,29e,eos

phase with the oscillations of said balance. 39. Transmitting apparatusfor electric telegraphs, comprising a body having a A.'

tain the motion of said body, means con- 70 natural period of vibratorymotion, asingle transmitting contact, operative connection .entirelymechanical betweeny said body and contact for timing the Voperation ofsaid contact with respect 'to the movements of said body, a keyboard,and operative connection entirely mechanical between said keyboard andcontact for variably moving said contact.

40. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a [bodyhaving ia natural period of motion, a single transmitting contact,operative connection entirely mechanical between said body andv contactfor timing the operation of said contact with respect to the movement ofsaid body, signal selecting mechanism, and operative connection entirelymechanical between said signal selecting mechanismy and contact forvariably moving said contact. A

41. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a balanceand c s-f capement, a single transmitting contact,-op erative connectionentirely Amechanical -between said, balance and contact `for timing theoperation of said contact with respect to the movements of said balance,a keyboard, and operative connection entirely mechanical between saidkeyboard andcontact'for selectively operating said contact.

42. Transmitting apparatus for electric telegraphs, comprising a movabletransmitting contact, selective mechanism to moveI said contact variablyaccording to the signals to be transmitted, -a magnet andmeans operatedthereby to control the startingv o f said contact operating mechanism,and a transmission line including said magnet and contact in series.

43. Apparatus for` .electrical signaling,

comprising a series of selecting. elements'. v means to. move said`elements insuccession.

mechanical permutation mechanism to select certain of said elements andin combination with said element moving means se-` lectively modify themotion` of said I elements. Y' j 44. Apparatus for electrical*vsignaling, comprising a rotatable shaft, means totransmit' electricimpulses, means carried by said shaft. to operate said -transmittinmeans, means to time the motion of sfai shaft, said. timingmeansincluding'a body capable of periodic motion, mechanical means tomaintain the motion of said body/,Q means controlledby the stopping of,said- 'body tostop the operation `ofsaid shaft, and means to st op themotion of said body. v i. 4,5. Apparatus for electrical-signaling,"comprising arotatable shaft, )means to trans--. mit electric impulses,means carriedtbfy said` shaft to operate saidl transmitting means,nmeans to time the motion of said shaft, said timin means including abody capableof perio ic motion, mechanical means to maintrolled by thestopping of said bodyto stop Athemperation of said shaft, and means to.stop the motion of said body at the end of each signal. I l v 46.Apparatus for electrical signaling, V comprising a'rotatab'le shaft,means to transmit electric impulses means carried by said rshaft tooperate said transmitting means,

: initrelectric impulses', means carried by said shaft to operate saidtransmitting means,

means to time the motion of said shaft, said timing means including afbody capable of periodic motion, mechanical means to maintain themotion/of said body, means controlled by the stopping of said body tostop the operation of said shaft, automatic means to stop the motion ofsaid body,- and means to start said body in motion at the beginning ofeach signal.

48. .Apparatus for electrical signaling, '1`00 comprising means to;transmit varying electric code signals, a body capable of periodicmotion, and means entirelvmechanical intermediate 'between saidtransmitting means and, said body acting to time said transmit-y tingmeans and to finaintain the periodic motion of said body. v l

49. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising means t transmitvarying electric code signals, a body capable of periodic motion, aconnection entirely mechanical intermediate between said transmittingmeans and saidbodyacting to time said transmitting r means. and tomaintain the periodic .moticnfof said body, land vmeans toi'all'otY115`l equal time intervals-*to allfthe elementary impulses formingalsignal.l p

50.v Apparatus for '.{electri'cal signaling, comprising means totransmit varying felectric signals,l,each having the .same numbeii 12C inals, means to operate said transmitting 12,5*

@means lstepby-step, andmeansto maintain the same time relation betweeneach elementarytiine interval of said signal' andthe.

lintervals between succeeding' operations of x saidy step-'by-stepaction.

51. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

' comprising means to transmit varying elec- ,said body acting to timesaid transmitting tric code signals, a body capable of periodic motion,means entirely mechanical intermediate between said transmitting meansand said' body acting to 'time said transmitting means and to maintainthe periodic motion of said body, and means to stop the motion of' saidbody at intervals and thereby stop y the operation of the transmittinmeans 52. Apparatus for electrica signaling, comprising means totransmit varying elec# trical code signals, a body capable of periodicmotion, means entirely mechanical intermediate between said transmittingmeans and means and to maintain4 the periodic motion of said body, meansto stop the motion of said body at the end of eachsignal andi therebystop the operationof the transmittlng means, and means to start saidbody in motion at the beginning of each signal;

l 53. Apparatus for .electrical signaling,

. circuit acting to control said step-by-step o erated means.

'5.5. Apparatus for electrical signaling,

comprising step-by-step operated transmitting means, an electricalcircuit \over which varying impulses are transmitted by saidstep-by-step operated transmitting means, a' magnet in said circuit, andmeans controlled by said magnet to start 'into operation saidstep-by-step operated mechanism. j

56. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising step-by-step"operating mecha` anism, a magnet, said magnetfacting to control saidstep-by-step operating mechanism, and said step-by-step operatingmechanism 1n turncontrolling the operation of said ma et. v

5 Apparatus for electrical signaling,A

comprising step-by-step operating mechanism, a magnet, said magnetacting tocontrol said step-bylstep operating mechanism, and saidstep-by-step operating mechanism in turn controlling thetransmission tosaid magnet of impulses varying according to' the Signals selected. l Y

' 58. Apparatus for electric signaling, comprising a series of selectingelements determining the signal to be transmitted, a magnet, meanstooperate. said magnet each time said selecting elements areoperatedstepbyJ step operated transmitting means, said magnet actingtostart said step-by-step operated mechanism into action, saidstep-by-step operated mechanism acting to `transmit to said magnetimpulses thereafter varying according to the signal selected.

59. Signal transmitting means, means to start saidsignal transmittingmeans `into operation at the beginning of each signal period, means totime the operation of said transmitting means, automatically actingmeans to,stop said timing means foreach signal, and automatically actingmeans to create a lag between theI stopping of said timing means' andthe starting of said tim'- ing means for the next succeeding signal.

60. Apparatus for electrical signaling, A

comprising a series of elements, permutation means tooperate saidelements in combinations `according to the signal selected, a secf ondseries 'of elements, means to individually operate said second series insuccession for each signal, and means to modify the operation of saidsecond series according to the permutation of the elementsk in the firstseries.

61. Apparatus for electrical signaling, comprising a series of elements,permutationy means to operate said elements in combinations according tothe signal selected, a second series of elements, means to individuallyoperate said second series in succession for each signal, means tomodify the operation of said second series according to the permutationof the elements inthe rst series, a main line and means controlled bysaid second series of elements to transmlt to said line l a varyingseries of impulses according-t0 the operation of the `said second seriesof elel In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

LOUIS MAXWELL PoTTs- Witnesses:

' H. BISHOP, M. Mv BROWN.

